Love and violence in romeo and juliet essays

Love and violence in romeo and juliet essays Romeo and Juliet, a play by William Shakespeare, is often referred to as the greatest love story of all time. It presents love and hate as equally potent forces of nature. The powerful nature of love can be seen in the way it is described, or more accurately, in the way descriptions consistently fail to capture it in its entirety. Juliet says of love, But my true love is grown to such excess I cannot sum up half of my wealth (3, I, 33-44) In other words, love is too powerful to be so easily contained or understood. This play portrays the chaos of being in love. However, the play also combines extreme images of violence and death. For instance, the Capulet and Montague families have held a long-time grudge against each other that is assumed to have existed for hundreds of years, and is the impetus of what strives to keep Romeo and Juliet away from each other. This paper seeks to examine what is achieved by the connections between love and violence. For clarity, I will be including death as a measure of violence, because death by violence is violence in its most potent form. Throughout the play, love seems to push the two lovers closer to violence, not further away from it. Love and violence are intertwined from the first moment Romeo and Juliet are together at the Capulets party. Romeo has crashed the party hoping to see his beloved Rosaline, but catches a glimpse of Juliet instead, and falls instantly in love with her. Oh she that doth teach the torches to burn bright... The measure done, Ill watch her place of stand, And touching hers, make blessed my rude hand. (1, v, 42-51) However, only a few lines later sees Tybalt and intends to kill Romeo, the very moment he sees him at the party: This by his voice should be a Montague. ...

Ideas for Science Fair Projects Using Animals

Ideas for Science Fair Projects Using Animals Animals are great subjects for science fair projects, particularly if you have a pet or an interest in zoology. Do you want to do a science fair project with your pet or another type of animal? Here is a collection of ideas that you can use for your project. Are insects attracted to/repelled by a magnet? Does the presence of a magnetic field affect egg hatching rates of insect or other animal eggs?Do pet fish have a color preference for their food? (This assumes you can separate out the colors of a food.) Do pet birds have a color preference for their toys?What type of soil do earthworms prefer?What natural substances repel insect pests? Examples of insects to test include mosquitoes, ants or flies.On a related note, what substances might be used to attract and trap flies, beetles or other pests?Do animals display handedness (right-handed, left-handed) like humans? You can test this with a cat and a toy, for example.Are cockroaches (or other insects or creatures) attracted to or repelled by light? You probably already suspect cockroaches prefer dark. What other stimuli could you test? Does it matter if it is white light or would you get the same response from specific colors of light? You could test other types of stimuli, such as music, noise, vibration, heat, cold. You get the idea. An advanced version of the cockroach project is to select insects that dont run from light (for example). If you allow these insects to mate and keep selecting progeny that doesnt evade light, can you obtain a culture of cockroaches that dont mind light?Test household insect repellents.Can dogs or cats or birds hear ultrasonic insect and rodent repellent devices?What methods serve to disrupt the chemical trail that ants follow?How many nematodes (roundworms) are there in a soil sample from your backyard? What are the pros and cons of having these organisms in the soil?Do hummingbirds have a color preference for their food?What type of light attracts the most moths?Does catnip repel insects? If so, which types? Know the Rules Before you start any science fair project involving animals, make sure it is okay with your school or whoever is in charge of the science fair. Projects with animals may be prohibited or they may require special approval or permission. Its better to make sure your project is acceptable before you get to work! A Note on Ethics Science fairs that allow projects with animals will expect you to treat the animals in an ethical manner. The safest type of project is one which involves observing natural behavior of animals or, in the case of pets, interacting with animals in a usual manner. Dont do science fair project that involves harming or killing an animal or puts an animal at risk for injury. As an example, it may be fine to examine data on how much of an earthworm can be cut before the worm becomes unable to regenerate and dies. Actually performing such an experiment probably wont be allowed for most science fairs. In any case, there are lots of projects you can do that dont involve ethical concerns. Take Pictures You may be unable to bring your animal science fair project to the school or otherwise put it on display, yet youll want visual aids for your presentation. Take lots of pictures of your project. For some projects, you may be able to bring in preserved specimens or examples of fur or feathers, etc.

Which theories are most effective in explaining the global politics of Essay

Which theories are most effective in explaining the global politics of the environment - Essay Example The main literature on global governance and states is embedded in the international relations theories of the global politics of the environment. In addition, the global politics of the environment emphasis the ecological impact of the global political economy in the politics of corporations, trade, growth, financing and consumption. The field of global politics of environment demonstrates the literature on the environmental security, civil societies, ethics and global governance (Kutting 2011, p.126). The above broad definition of the global politics of the environment suffers various challenges since it requires a lot of time and intellectual flexibility of the analyst. For a period of 150 years, global politics of environment have been part of the world’s agenda. Various nations debated on the effective use of national lands and therefore, the impacts of environmental and industrialization has increased. In addition, the field of environmental politics has expanded its ran ge and it covers a wide range of political action, which ranges from the decisions on the local level land use to the global controls over the emissions of carbon dioxide. As a result, the study of global politics of environment is comprised of various issues across all political arenas. There are various tools used to explain the topic of global politics on environment and some of the intellectual tools range from the legal studies to the geospatial analysis. This essay seeks to explain the effective theoretical approaches, which are used to explain global politics of the environment and the various key research topics in environmental politics. Notably, there is no specific definition of environmentalism. Reasonably, environmentalism is defined by various informal frames, which are in different policy fields. Therefore, environmental politics is exercised in varying communities and each of the community focus on specific aspects of the global politics of the environment. The

Group protective rights in international law Essay

Group protective rights in international law - Essay Example Explain, giving an example. Group protective rights in international law ensure protection of minorities through minority specific individual rights whereas majority is treated as legal subjects and bearers of group rights. By bringing autonomous minorities and indigenous people to the international human rights convention makes the State to waive their right to interfere with their activities on human rights grounds. For example, the American legal orders deal with violations to the human rights by Indian tribes and how the Canadian legal orders deal with human rights violation by Qubec. India attributes universal laws to all Indian citizens and "personal laws", to specific ethnic groups and Muslim minority. A decision in Federal District Court confirms that Unocal could not be held liable because it did not control the Burmese military's actions. "The 9th Circuit Court of Appeals, California Superior Judge Victoria Chaney reversed an earlier Federal District Court decision and will allow a groundbreaking human rights lawsuit against Unocal to go forward. In the Doe v. Unocal case, 11 Burmese villagers allege that Unocal, a California based oil company, can be held liable for human rights abuses associated with its Yadana gas pipeline project in Burma. The abuses include rape, forced labor, and murder". (http://www.mines and communities.org viewed on 12th May, 2009). 4. If an international tribunal finds that there is no applicable national or international law rule to decide the case before it, what should it do If the interpretation of the national law is vague and ambiguous, the international tribunal will adopt the interpretation which it thinks is in conformity with the law of the State. (Text Book on International law, Martin Dixon, 6th edition, p93-94, 2007, published by http://books.google.co.in/booksid ). 5. Compare customary international law rules with rules from international agreements. International law comprises of rules and rationales which rule the relations and dealings of nations with each other. It is concerned with questions of rights between several nations or nations and the citizens or subjects of other nations. Whereas International agreements make law for the parties of the agreement. They might also contribute to the foundation of customary international law with the intention of adhering generally and are widely accepted. (International law: an overview, http://topics.law.cornell.edu/wex/International_law). 6. Trials of former Khmer Rouge leaders for crimes against humanity in Cambodia from the 1970s are finally starting. What is the nature of the court that is hearing these cases The nature of the court is Genocide Tribunal. This court is backed by United Nations. The trial started at Phnom Penh, Cambodia. It started with the trial of Kaing Guek Eav, known as Duch. The court deals with charges of crimes against humanity, torture premeditated murder and breaches of the Geneva conventions. The Khmer Rouge leaders were accused of killing around 1.75 million people through execution, starvation or overwork during 1975-79. Duch faces charges of killing 10000

Stereotypes and Prejudice Worksheet Essay Example for Free

Stereotypes and Prejudice Worksheet Essay Please complete the following exercises, remembering that you are in an academic setting and should remain unbiased, considerate, and professional when completing this worksheet. Part I Select three of the identity categories below and name or describe at least 3 related stereotypes for each: Race Ethnicity Religion Gender Sexual orientation Age Disability Category Stereotype 1 Stereotype 2 Stereotype 3 Race All black people like fried chicken All Asian people are smart White people are all nerdy. Sexual Orientation Homosexuals are all effeminate. Straight guys are all belching morons. Homosexuals are weak. Religion Muslims are all warlike Jews are greedy and money hungry. Christians are hypocritical conquerors. Part II Answer each question in 50 to 100 words related to those stereotypes. Provide citations for all the sources you use. What are the positive aspects of stereotypes, if any? It is my personal conviction that stereotypes have absolutely no positive aspects. This sort of thinking only leads to deeper struggles and inequality within societies. It is absolutely vital for a deeper level of understanding to be reached by people of differing race and ethnicity in order for the possibility of a peaceful world to exist. What are the negative aspects of stereotypes? There are many negative aspects of stereotypes. One of the main consequences is the lack of unity within a society or population. If different groups are at war with each other within a society their chances of becoming a true world power are miniscule. Also stereotyping generally leads to violence and pain for everyone involved because of the conflict that it arouses. Part III Answer each question in 50 to 150 words related to those stereotypes. Provide citations for all the sources you use. Define stereotypes and prejudice. What is the difference between stereotyping and prejudice? Use examples to illustrate the differences. The text defines stereotypes as: unreliable, exaggerated, generalizations about all members of a group that do not take individual differences into account. Prejudice is defined as: a negative attitude toward an entire category of people, such as a racial or ethnic minority . The difference between these two concepts is that stereotypes are false beliefs about an entire group of people that perpetuate fear and misunderstanding, like: all black people are thugs. Whereas prejudice is a negative feeling towards an entire group based on the fact that they are different. An example of this is the prejudice against hiring blacks to do a certain job because one feels they mentally inferior because they are a different race.(Schaefer 2012). What is the relationship between stereotyping and prejudice? The relationship between stereotyping and prejudice is basically one of escalation. The connection between the two usually occurs in the form that stereotyping leads to prejudice. This often occurs because stereotypes create a sense of uncertainty and distrust between groups and prejudice is a more refined and focused form of intolerance that often leads to discrimination and hate. What can be done to prevent prejudice from occurring? The biggest thing that can be done to prevent prejudice is to educate people about other races and ethnicities, and to work towards establishing a better degree of understanding and unity between different groups of people. It is also necessary to single out those who are acting in a prejudiced manner and show that this type of sentiment will not be tolerated. References Racial and Ethnic Groups, Thirteenth edition, by Richard T. Schaefer. Published by Merrill Prentice Hall. Copyright  © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.(Ch.2)

Mother Daughter Relationships - Mothers and Daughters in Amy Tans The Joy Luck Club :: Joy Luck Club Essays

Mothers and Daughters in The Joy Luck Club The first three stories in this section are talking about the relationship between mothers and daughters and the last one is concluding the whole book "The Joy Luck Club".   By examining this section, there is one moral in these four stories, which is the relationship between daughters and mothers, is very strong and mothers and daughters have similar fate and face.   The plots in these four stories can prove the moral above.   In "Magpies", when An-mei hsu thinks about her daughter's marriage is fallen apart, she recalls her mother and how she followed her mother to Tientsin.   An-mei also recalls the conflict between her mother, Wu Tsing and Second wife of Wu Tsing.   She remembers how Second wife lied to her mother and how Wu Tsing forced her mother to become his Fourth wife.   Finally, An-mei's mother died by taking too much opium.   An-mei realizes her mother's situation is as same as her daughter, both of them cannot save their lives very well and they like magpies.   In "Waiting between the Trees", Ying-Ying St. Clair recalls her story in the childhood, when she sees signs in her daughter's house.   Ying-Ying recalls how was her first marriage, how she met her first husband and final result on her first marriage.   Ying-Ying also talks about her birth year of Tiger and the relationship between she and Clifford St. Clair and how both of them become equally. Ying-Ying realizes the relationship between her and Clifford St. Clair is also as same as her daughter and her husband.   Ying-Ying also talks that her daughter is as same as a Tiger.   At the end, Yin-Yin know her daughter will go upstairs when her daughter fight with her husband and she will wait for her coming.   In "Double Face", when Lindo Jong looks at her daughter's face, she compares American faces and Chinese faces.   Lindo Jong recalls what her mother had told her fortune by looking her face.   She also remembers how she moves to America and she realizes that her face becomes American face already.   In "A pair of Ticket", Jing-Mei Woo talks about her feeling before she meet her two sisters.   Also, Jing-Mei talks about the meeting in the Airport with her father and aunt.   In the meeting, Jing-Mei's father talks about Jing-Mei's mother and how she escaped when Japanese came to China and how she leaves her two daughters on the rail.

Myths that Hide the American Indian Essay

Nearly everyone in this world is guilty of stereotyping against a certain race, religion, ethnic group, nationality, etc. One of those groups that are stereotyped is the Native Americans. Ever since the Europeans â€Å"discovered† the New World, there have myths about the Native Americans that lead to this stereotyping. In the essay, â€Å"Myths That Hide the American Indian† by Oliver La Farge, many of those myths are brought up. Due to these myths about the Native Americans, people’s views, past and present, of who and what they are have become extremely distorted, or essentially hiding the Native Americans from white people. One of the many myths that the Europeans created about the Native Americans is that they are bloodthirsty, ruthless savages. Oliver La Farge does a good job in his essay of discounting this myth by giving multiple examples of how most groups of Native Americans were a peaceful group of people that just were not quite as well developed socially, economically, technologically, etc. as the Europeans. Because of this lack of development on behalf of the Native Americans, the Europeans looked at the Native Americans as uncivilized savages. The reason that this myth was even created was to justify the slaughtering of thousands of Native Americans at the hands of the Europeans, with the justification being that they were inferior beings, which is another myth brought up. Once the Europeans had conquered the Native Americans, this myth was altered, now proclaiming that the Native Americans were drunken, lazy good-for-nothings. La Farge also discounts this part of the myth in his essay. Going back to the point of the Europeans thinking they were superior a superior race when being compared to the Native Americans, that would happen in any situation if the circumstances were similar because it is human nature to believe that if one race able to conquer another race, then they will believe they are superior. This is one of the continuing myths that have hid the Native Americans from white people. Another one of the myths that plagued the Native Americans is that the early European settlers tended to assume that all or most of the Native Americans had one culture and that they were all at about the same stage of development. This myth could not be further from the truth. â€Å"The tribes and nations that occupied North America varied enormously, and their condition was anything but static† (pg. 7). The cultures of the Native Americans were like snowflakes; no two were alike. Many different types of cultures are described in detail in the essay, proving that the myth is completely wrong. Each tribe of Native Americans had a culture that, while considered backwards and wrong by the Europeans, was unique. This myth helped to hide the Native Americans from white settlers because if the whites got to know the culture of one tribe, they would just assume that all of the other tribes had identical cultures. If that culture they learned had some barbaric practices, like the Aztecs sacrificing men by tearing out their hearts, they would assume that all tribes did that and further prove the myth that Native Americans were savages. That is how this myth hid the Native Americans from white people. The first myth that was ever started about the Native Americans is the Noble Red Man or Child of Nature myth. What this myth is about is the Europeans considered the Native Americans to be children of nature. Also, it â€Å"credited the Indian with either a penchant for flowery but dull oratory or an inability to communicate beyond ‘Ugh’ and grunts† (pg. 4). This myth puts the Native Americans on the same level as an animal. If the Europeans thought the Native Americans were that ignorant, then it is no wonder why they thought that they were a superior race. The Native Americans became hidden by this myth because it is so completely false and completely misrepresents them as a whole because they had developed languages and could communicate with one another. Myths about Native Americans have, and will continue to be a cause of people stereotyping them. Because of the stereotyping, most people will never know the truth about Native Americans and they will remain hidden from white people. This stereotyping has gone so far that today, Native Americans will get dressed up for tourists in a costumes and put on war dances just to please tourists who believe in the myth because if they did not, the tourists would question the legitimacy of them. That is how myths of the Native Americans have hid them.

Case Study: Google in China Essay

When Larry Page and Sergy Brin first launched the Internet search engine, Google; they did so with one goal in mind, to provide people searching the internet for information with the fastest, most reliable search engine. Because of their creativity and innovation, Google is one of the largest and most profitable Internet search engines available. With more than 150 domains worldwide, people in almost every country can search the Internet for information about everything from historical facts to current events. Ingrained into the company’s code of ethics is the often quoted phrase â€Å"don’t be evil† (Hill, 2009, p. 148). By this, Google means the company will not compromise their Code of Conduct and will provide searchers with information which is current and not biased or censored in any way. To Google, their Code of Conduct is also about â€Å"doing the right thing† (Google, 2009, para. 1). Because of Google’s Code of Conduct when the company ent ered China, human rights activists had hopes that the citizens of China could search the Internet without the Chinese government censoring the results. The purpose of this paper is to address the following regarding Google’s presence in China, (a) the legal, cultural, and ethical challenges confronting Google, and (b) the various roles the Chinese government plays in Google’s Chinese business operations. In addition, the paper will include a summary of the strategic and operational challenges facing Google managers who are living and working in China.. LEGAL, CULTURAL, AND ETHICAL CHALLENGES In 2000, Google began offering services to the Chinese allowing them the ability to search in their own language. Google did not have an office in China so the service was out of the United States. For approximately two years, the Chinese people could use Google to search for information over the Internet. Then in 2002, the Chinese government blocked access to Google’s website and instead began making searchers use a site approved by the Chinese government. When the government later allowed access to Google, people found certain sites considered politically sensitive were not available. China was blocking sites the government considered subversive. To solve this problem, Google decided to establish an office in China with the goal of providing the Chinese population access to the largest amount of information the company could provide. In essence, Google voluntarily agreed to censor certain results considered subversive by the Chinese government. This created legal and ethical problems of Google being able to live up to the company standards of providing users complete access to all information. Various Roles the Chinese Government Plays In 2010, Google discovered their website had been hacked into. Although the company will not say publically whether or not they think the Chinese government was behind the hacking, they did inform the government they would no longer voluntarily censor their search results. According to Branigan â€Å"Google claimed the cyber-attack originated from China and that its intellectual property was stolen, but that evidence suggested a primary goal was accessing the Gmail accounts of Chinese human rights activists† (Branigan, 2010, para. 14). Google also stated that they found where Gmail accounts of human rights activists living in China, Europe, and the United States were being hacked into by third parties on a routine basis (Branigan, 2010). During February, a statement was released by Secretary of State Clinton concerning the rights of all to have access to the Internet and â€Å"pledging to file a formal State Department protest regarding this month’s alleged Google Chin a censorship and hacking† (Baer, 2010, para. 1). Strategic and Operational Challenges Because of these latest developments, Google found themselves in the position of needing to make some very difficult decisions. The company needed to decide whether or not they should remain in China and agree to the terms of the Chinese government. These terms essentially meant allowing third parties to access and monitor the company’s site and Gmail accounts. However, Google seems to have found a solution for this dilemma by providing searchers with a link to the company’s uncensored Hong Kong website. The Chinese government seems to be in agreement with this solution and is allowing Google to remain in China for now (Horowitz, 2010). CONCLUSION When Google decided to enter the Chinese market, the company did so because they knew how important the Chinese market was for their business. They also realized that China provided an opportunity for the company to grow. However, entering China also resulted in Google being faced with having to make some serious ethical and legal decisions. These decisions include whether Google should continue to censor results on its website or if Google eventually needs to pull out of China. Currently, Google seems to think that giving the Chinese access to some information is better than not granting them access to any information. References Baer, M. (2010). _Cyber attacks & the ethical dimension of the Google China episode_. Retrieved from http://globalcomment.com/2010/cyber-attacks-the-ethical-dimension-of-the-google-china-episode/ Branigan, T. (2010). _Google challenge to China over censorship_. Retrieved from http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2010/jan/13/google-china-censorship-battle Google. (2009). _Google Investor Relations Code of Conduct_. Retrieved from http://investor.google.com/corporate/code-of-conduct.html#I Hill, C. W. (2009). _International Business: Competing in the Global Marketplace_ (7th ed.). Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill Irwin Horowitz, D. (2010). _Google Still in China_. Retrieved from http://www.daniweb.com/news/story295468.html

Children of Abraham †World Religion Essay

Children of Abraham – World Religion Essay Free Online Research Papers Children of Abraham World Religion Essay Bruce Feiler is a journalist and author of several books, including Abraham: a Journey to the Heart of Three Faiths and Walking the Bible. His books explore Abraham, the common patriarch of Judaism, Islam, and Christianity. Abraham was born sometime between 2100- 1500BCE southeast of present day Baghdad. His given name was Avram and later changed by God to Avraham or as we spell it Abraham. His new name meant the father of a throng of nations†. His wife also changed her name from Sarai to Sarah. The new names that each of them were given were meant to be an expression of praise for a new status they had gained and a level reached. They were also meant as blessings for what should come in their futures. At 75 years old God spoke to him to Abraham telling him that he will I will make of you a great nation. All of the families of the earth will bless themselves by you. As it reads in Geneses 22 this is when God chooses Abraham and Abraham chooses God. Abraham turned his back on idol worship, which was the current religious practice of the day and chose to worship only one God. Abraham and his wife Sarah moved to what is now the considered the West Bank where God told them they would have a child. Abraham, 99 at this time and Sarah in her 90’s gave birth to Isaac who later give birth Jacob. Jacob was considered the first Israelite. Abraham already had a son Ishmael from Hagar, an Egyptian slave. Muslims believe Ishmael to be their direct link to Abraham. An early Christian belief was that all people could become a child of Abraham only later would they become more exclusive in their belief. Bruce Feiler, was a traveler and journalist before he became fascinated with the middle east. Not in search of a spiritual quest but as simply modern news interest linked directly to the events of 9-11. Feiler went to Israel and was amazed that he could experience the places and events of scripture are still able to be experienced. As a non-practicing Jew this seemed to hit Feiler with a connection to his own past and the various rituals he had been involved throughout his youth. Suddenly they had more meaning. The bible was suddenly a living breathing story that anyone could go and experience. After 9-11 the news media hyped the events with stories entitled â€Å"Who are they?† and â€Å"Why do they hate us?†. Feiler thought that Abraham could be a figure that could unite us all but what happened is that he found 250 different Abrahams. All religions try to make Abraham him into their religion or their icon. He gives many examples of how different religions have claimed that their rituals have come from Abraham and often times giving associated date; however Abraham was not born at the time they claim. So more or less a game is being played to try and outdate other groups. Abraham is the center of the greatest feud in the history of the world, particularly of our time. So much so that Bob Dylan and Louis Armstrong both wrote hit songs that tell the epic stories. God, Politics, and Land are defining stories of the Hebrew bible and the Qur’an. This discussion is happening here. A lot of people who are believers get the connection with land. However most westerner’s miss these stories when we read holy text as simply metaphor. However those native to the land carry those places inside of them and what happens there affects them at the core. In the end it is important to remember that this is a family feud that affects us all and that Abraham is central to us all, even if it is just the idea of Abraham. The idea that God chose Abraham and that Abraham chose God seems to be a very important theme because we as individuals can accept Abraham without accepting the religions that have twisted his life for their own needs. Abraham is fully human and fully apart of us. Research Papers on Children of Abraham - World Religion EssayCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenHip-Hop is ArtMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andMind TravelQuebec and Canada

Thermodynamics Overview and Basic Concepts

Thermodynamics Overview and Basic Concepts Thermodynamics is the field of physics that deals with the relationship between heat and other properties (such as pressure, density, temperature, etc.) in a substance. Specifically, thermodynamics focuses largely on how a heat transfer is related to various energy changes within a physical system undergoing a thermodynamic process. Such processes usually result in work  being done by the system and are guided by the laws of thermodynamics. Basic Concepts of Heat Transfer Broadly speaking, the heat of a material is understood as a representation of the energy contained within the particles of that material. This is known as the kinetic theory of gases, though the concept applies in varying degrees to solids and liquids as well. The heat from the motion of these particles can transfer into nearby particles, and therefore into other parts of the material or other materials, through a variety of means: Thermal Contact is when two substances can affect each others temperature.Thermal Equilibrium is when two substances in thermal contact no longer transfer heat.Thermal Expansion takes place when a substance expands in volume as it gains heat. Thermal contraction also exists.Conduction is when heat flows through a heated solid.Convection is when heated particles transfer heat to another substance, such as cooking something in boiling water.Radiation is when heat is transferred through electromagnetic waves, such as from the sun.Insulation is when a low-conducting material is used to prevent heat transfer. Thermodynamic Processes A system undergoes a thermodynamic process when there is some sort of energetic change within the system, generally associated with changes in pressure, volume, internal energy (i.e. temperature), or any sort of heat transfer. There are several specific types of thermodynamic processes that have special properties: Adiabatic process - a process with no heat transfer into or out of the system.Isochoric process - a process with no change in volume, in which case the system does no work.Isobaric process - a process with no change in pressure.Isothermal process - a process with no change in temperature. States of Matter A state of matter is a description of the type of physical structure that a material substance manifests, with properties that describe how the material holds together (or doesnt). There are five states of matter, though only the first three of them are usually included in the way we think about states of matter: gasliquidsolidplasmasuperfluid (such as a Bose-Einstein Condensate) Many substances can transition between the gas, liquid, and solid phases of matter, while only a few rare substances are known to be able to enter a superfluid state. Plasma is a distinct state of matter, such as lightning   condensation - gas to liquidfreezing - liquid to solidmelting - solid to liquidsublimation - solid to gasvaporization - liquid or solid to gas Heat Capacity The heat capacity, C, of an object is the ratio of change in heat (energy change, ΔQ, where the Greek symbol Delta, Δ, denotes a change in the quantity) to change in temperature (ΔT). C Δ Q / Δ T The heat capacity of a substance indicates the ease with which a substance heats up. A good thermal conductor would have a low heat capacity, indicating that a small amount of energy causes a large temperature change. A good thermal insulator would have a large heat capacity, indicating that much energy transfer is needed for a temperature change. Ideal Gas Equations There are various ideal gas equations which relate temperature (T1), pressure (P1), and volume (V1). These values after a thermodynamic change are indicated by (T2), (P2), and (V2). For a given amount of a substance, n (measured in moles), the following relationships hold: Boyles Law ( T is constant):P 1 V 1 P 2 V 2Charles/Gay-Lussac Law (P is constant):V1/T1 V2/T2Ideal Gas Law:P1V1/T1 P2V2/T2 nR R is the ideal gas constant, R 8.3145 J/mol*K. For a given amount of matter, therefore, nR is constant, which gives the Ideal Gas Law. Laws of Thermodynamics Zeroeth Law of Thermodynamics - Two systems each in thermal equilibrium with a third system are in thermal equilibrium to each other.First Law of Thermodynamics - The change in the energy of a system is the amount of energy added to the system minus the energy spent doing work.Second Law of Thermodynamics - It is impossible for a process to have as its sole result the transfer of heat from a cooler body to a hotter one.Third Law of Thermodynamics - It is impossible to reduce any system to absolute zero in a finite series of operations. This means that a perfectly efficient heat engine cannot be created. The Second Law Entropy The Second Law of Thermodynamics can be restated to talk about entropy, which is a quantitative measurement of the disorder in a system. The change in heat divided by the absolute temperature is the entropy change of the process. Defined this way, the Second Law can be restated as: In any closed system, the entropy of the system will either remain constant or increase. By closed system it means that every part of the process is included when calculating the entropy of the system. More About Thermodynamics In some ways, treating thermodynamics as a distinct discipline of physics is misleading. Thermodynamics touches on virtually every field of physics, from astrophysics to biophysics, because they all deal in some fashion with the change of energy in a system. Without the ability of a system to use energy within the system to do work - the heart of thermodynamics - there would be nothing for physicists to study. That having been said, there are some fields use thermodynamics in passing as they go about studying other phenomena, while there are a wide range of fields which focus heavily on the thermodynamics situations involved. Here are some of the sub-fields of thermodynamics: Cryophysics / Cryogenics / Low Temperature Physics - the study of physical properties in low temperature situations, far below temperatures experienced on even the coldest regions of the Earth. An example of this is the study of superfluids.Fluid Dynamics / Fluid Mechanics - the study of the physical properties of fluids, specifically defined in this case to be liquids and gases.High Pressure Physics - the study of physics in extremely high pressure systems, generally related to fluid dynamics.Meteorology / Weather Physics - the physics of the weather, pressure systems in the atmosphere, etc.Plasma Physics - the study of matter in the plasma state.

IS Project Implementation Plan Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

IS Project Implementation Plan - Research Paper Example In citing an example of virtual organization, the case of an engineering company, John Brown Engineers and Construction concern comes into question. The company fulfills the globalization attribute of a virtual organization in operating through a network of 30 countries having a total employee base of around 21,000 people. Moreover, the company operates based on its own privately designed information systems linking the different offices of the concern. Through such developed and interlinked information technology network the employees of the company can effectively retrieve, share and implement information gained from large databases stored in the system. Thus, the people with information technology can effectively use the large pool of technological and other knowledge resources that would be required for the proper functioning of the organization. Moreover, the management of the company through the existence of information technology sources has also taken resort of developing a v ideo conferencing facility through which the directors and managers sitting at head office can learn the activities pursued in different units round the globe. Again, such use of technology also helps the management to get effective feedback from the employees in regards to operation and customers and thereby can design strategies differently to enhance business competitiveness (Igbaria and Tan, 1998, p.48). The business managers at John Brown Engineers and Construction concern worked to enhance and implement specific business strategies focused on globalization in the light of the information technology resources and opportunities gained. The Chief Executive Officer of the company identified the need for strategic alliances both within the internal and external policy framework to gain a competitive business position in the climate of globalization. Thus to gain the opportunity of strategic alliances the